![]() One early funding source was the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), a non-profit global partnership aiming to provide funding for vaccines to stop emerging epidemics. An ideal SARS-CoV-2 vaccine should meet the following requirements: protect not only from severe disease but also thwart infection in all vaccinated populations, including less immunocompromised individuals, elicit long term memory immune responses after a minimal number of immunizations or booster doses, the manufacturing company should be able to ramp up production to produce billions of doses annually and have the potential to make it easily accessible for worldwide vaccination campaigns at an affordable cost and at limited time 8.įour different initiatives are among the essential sources of funding that enabled the development of several SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates. Still, recent advances on the field have made possible the issuing of emergency use authorizations (EUAs) by several national and international drug regulation agencies for different vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 in less than a year since the virus genome sequence was released. Early scientific opinions predicted that it would take at least a year to a year and a half to get a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine approved for use in the United States. Since the publication of the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2, on January 11th, 2020, an endeavor of unprecedented speed and magnitude set out to develop a vaccine against the disease. ![]() On the other hand, the strategies using whole virus -either attenuated or inactivated- aspire to induce a broader, more heterologous polyclonal response against several viral antigens. However, a growing body of literature highlighting the importance of cellular responses on the recovery of COVID-19 patients 5, 6, 7 has promoted not only the use of vaccine strategies that favor the induction of T cell mediated responses, but also the screening of their production in clinical trial participants. 3 The majority of the candidate vaccines for COVID-19 that employ administration of viral antigens or viral gene sequences aim to induce neutralizing antibodies against the viral spike protein (S), preventing uptake through the human ACE2 receptor and, therefore, blocking infection 4. Their genome encodes several non-structural and structural proteins, including spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. COVID-19 is caused by a new positive-strand RNA coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which belongs to the Coronaviridae family, along with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus 1, 2.
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